Astronomically speaking, when the sun, the moon and the earth are all in line, with the moon at the centre, a solar eclipse takes place.
A much more deeper spiritual meaning comes from the Veda, in one the most poignant episodes of Hinduism elaborated in the Vishnu Purana and known as Samudra Manthana.
As the myth goes, when the Gods and the Demons churned the milky ocean in days of yore, nectar came out of it.
Lord Vishnu assumed the form of Mohini, a charming lady, deluded the demons and distributed the nectar only among the Gods. But Rahu had disguised himself as a God. The sun and the moon pointed this out to Mohini who immediately slashed off the demon’s head. Since the nectar had by then already reached up to the neck, he did not die.
Thus the head came to be known as Rahu and the body as Ketu. To avenge this betrayal, Rahu and Ketu periodically eclipse the sun and the moon.
At its deepest level, the myth teaches us that Ignorance has eclipsed Self-knowledge.
However, this eclipse will disappear and you will shine again in your own glory. This is the spiritual significance of the eclipse.
If we examine all these problems caused by planets, stars and aspects, we will realise that actually the cause of our troubles is not the planets, curses, enemies, stars — it is our own bad or good karmas that are coming back to us in their forms. The planets and stars on their own have no means and powers to control us in any way.
It is our karma in their forms.
Jyotish (Vedic astrology) recommends that people whose birth stars are Ashwini, Bharani, Magam, Moolam and Revathi should offer special prayers.
All rishies strongly recommend that we intensify our sadhana, engage in devotional songs like bhajan and kirtan during the eclipse. That is, in fact, the best way to escape, not only the problems caused by eclipses, planets and stars, but also all problems in general in life as we go inwards to clear our karma